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    Table 1 Abbreviations

    Abbreviation

    Definition

    CCA

    Cholangiocarcinoma

    CI

    Confidence interval

    CBD

    Common bile duct

    ECOG

    Eastern cooperative oncology group

    ERCP

    Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

    ERFA

    Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation

    HR

    Hazard ratio

    IHD

    Intrahepatic duct

    ITT

    Intention-to-treat

    IQR

    Interquartile range

    KPS

    Karnofsky performance status

    MBO

    Malignant biliary obstruction

    MBS

    Malignant biliary stricture

    MHBO

    Malignant hilar biliary obstruction

    NRS

    Numeral rating scale

    OS

    Overall survival

    PTC

    Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram

    PSM

    Propensity score matching

    RCT

    Randomised controlled trial

    RFA

    Radiofrequency ablation

    SD

    Standard deviation

    SEMS

    Self-expanding metal stent

    VAS

    Visual analogue scale