Current evidence on the safety and short- to medium-term efficacy of low dose rate brachytherapy for localised prostate cancer appears adequate to support the use of this procedure, provided that the normal arrangements are in place for consent, audit and clinical governance.
Most of the evidence on the efficacy of low dose rate brachytherapy for localised prostate cancer relates to the reduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and to biopsy findings. The effects on quality of life and long-term survival remain uncertain. Clinicians should ensure that patients understand these uncertainties and the alternative treatment options. Use of NICE's information for the public is recommended.
A multidisciplinary team should be involved in the planning and use of this procedure. NICE has issued a cancer service guideline on improving outcomes in urological cancers.
Further research and audit should address quality of life, clinical outcomes and long-term survival.