Ultrasound‑enhanced, catheter‑directed thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism

The procedure

Ultrasound‑enhanced, catheter‑directed thrombolysis is done using local anaesthesia. Ultrasound waves and a drug are used to break up the clot. The purpose of the ultrasound waves is to help the drug penetrate into the clot. Before and during the procedure heparin (an anticoagulant drug) is given.

A small tube (catheter) inserted through one of the blood vessels (usually at the top of the leg) into the blood clot delivers the drug. A small wire inside the tube delivers ultrasound waves to the clot. Imaging techniques such as X‑rays are used to make sure that the treatment is delivered to the correct place. Treatment usually lasts for about 12–24 hours. During this time the patient is continually monitored. More imaging is done at regular intervals to check progress before treatment is stopped and standard anticoagulation therapy is started.