Research recommendation(s) from an individual piece of guidance Guidance: Low-energy contact X-ray brachytherapy (the Papillon technique) for locally advanced rectal cancer Date issued: 14 August 2019 Research recommendations coming out of this guidance Current evidence on the safety and efficacy of low-energy contact X‑ray brachytherapy (the Papillon technique) for locally advanced rectal cancer is inadequate in quantity and quality. Therefore, this procedure should only be used in the context of research.