Perioperative care in adults

What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of preoperative optimisation clinics for older people?

For people with iron-deficiency anaemia, how long before surgery should oral iron supplementation be started, and what is the clinical and cost effectiveness of daily oral iron compared with oral iron given on alternate days?

What is the most clinical and cost-effective strategy, as identified by a consensus survey, for the perioperative management of anticoagulation treatment in people taking a vitamin K antagonist with a target international normalised ratio (INR) of more than 3 who need bridging therapy?

What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of enhanced recovery programmes for adults having major emergency surgery?

Which patients, other than those known to have a high risk of complications or mortality, would benefit from postoperative care in a specialist recovery area (a high-dependency unit, a post-anaesthesia care unit or an intensive care unit)?

What is the optimal timing of administration of carbohydrate drinks as part of a preoperative fasting strategy?

What is the most clinically and cost-effective timing and dose of a single administration of gabapentin to relieve pain in people undergoing surgery whose pain is expected to be moderate to severe?