Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence

Health effects of e-cigarettes: What are the short- and long-term health effects of e-cigarette use? Are there any specific health effects relating to use in pregnancy, or use by children and young people?

Nicotine replacement therapy and e-cigarettes and pregnancy: Are nicotine replacement therapy or nicotine-containing e-cigarettes effective to help women stop smoking in pregnancy (and at what dose)?

Stop-smoking interventions for under-served groups: How can effective and cost-effective interventions to support people to stop smoking be modified to improve engagement with and accessibility for under-served groups? How acceptable are these interventions to these groups?

Support for people with mental health conditions to stop smoking: How can people with mental health conditions be supported effectively to stop smoking (at individual and system level)? What are the challenges and opportunities and how can they be addressed?

What are the views and concerns of:

- pregnant women who smoke

- the healthcare professionals who care for them,

about the use of nicotine-containing e‑cigarettes during pregnancy?

E-cigarettes for harm reduction: Are nicotine-containing e‑cigarettes effective and safe for harm reduction when used alongside tobacco products to cut down on smoking (dual-use approach)?

Use of e-cigarettes (amount and frequency): Does the effectiveness of nicotine-containing e‑cigarettes as an aid to stopping smoking vary according to the amount of nicotine they contain or the frequency of use?

E-cigarette flavours: Do the flavours used in nicotine-containing e‑cigarettes have an impact on their effectiveness as an aid to stopping smoking, and are there any adverse effects associated with them?

E-cigarettes and established future smoking: Is e‑cigarette use in children, young people and young adults who do not smoke associated with future established smoking?

Factors that may influence the use of nicotine replacement therapy and e-cigarettes: Which factors may prevent people who currently smoke tobacco from using other forms of nicotine such as NRT and nicotine-containing e‑cigarettes? Does this vary according to population group, particularly among under-served groups?

Relapse prevention: Are NRT or nicotine-containing e‑cigarettes effective for preventing relapse after a successful quit attempt?

Relapse prevention after enforced, temporary quit: How can people who have recently stopped or temporarily abstained from smoking in a smokefree inpatient or treatment environment be best supported after discharge to prevent relapse or to stop permanently?

Carbon monoxide monitoring: What is the validity of different thresholds of carbon monoxide in exhaled breath as markers of quitting, based on diagnostic review and modelling?

For adults who want to stop smoking, what is the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Allen Carr's Easyway programme delivered in formats other than in-person group seminars (for example online or using the self-help book) compared with other methods of smoking cessation?