Research on second-line treatments for transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract is needed. It noted that the vinflunine studies were the only studies in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract whose disease had progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy. It was noted that there is a lack of evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options at this stage in the pathway of care. It is recommended that studies be undertaken to investigate the relative safety and efficacy of second-line treatments for transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract, particularly randomised controlled trials.