References

Advice

Bevan C, Buntsma D, Stock A et al. (2011) Assessing bladder volumes in young children prior to instrumentation: accuracy of an automated ultrasound device compared to real-time ultrasound. Academic Emergency Medicine. 18: 816–21

Bhatia N, Daga M, Garg S et al. (2010) Urinary catheterization in medical wards. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 2: 83–90

Bladder and Bowel Foundation. Urinary retention [accessed 10 April 2015]

Buckley BS, Lapitan MCM (2010) Prevalence of urinary incontinence in men, women, and children – Current evidence: Findings of the Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence. Urology 76: 265–70

Buntsma D, Stock A, Bevan C et al. (2012) Success rate of BladderScan-assisted suprapubic aspiration. Emergency Medicine Australasia 24: 647–51

Cathcart P, van der Meulen J, Armitage J et al. (2006) Incidence of primary and recurrent acute urinary retention between 1998 and 2003 in England. Journal of Urology 176: 200–4

Chaurasia A, Tyagi K (2013) Persistent postpartum urinary retention following vaginal delivery: a rare complication in obstetrics practice. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 2: 475–7

Drummond M, Sculpher M, Torrance G et al. (2005) Methods for economic health evaluation of health care programmes. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Department of Health (2013) NHS reference costs 2013–14 [accessed 9 April 2015]

Fakih MG, Pena ME, Shemes S et al. (2010) Effect of establishing guidelines on appropriate urinary catheter placement. Academy of Emergency Medicine 17: 337–40

Hunskaar S, Burgio K, Clark A et al (2005) Epidemiology of urinary (UI) and faecal (FI) incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). In: Abrams P, Khoury S, Cardozo L, Wein A, eds. WHO‑ICS International Consultation on Incontinence. 3rd ed. Paris: Health Publications Ltd; p. 255–312

Kuppusamy S, Gillatt D (2011) Managing patients with acute urinary retention. Practitioner 255: 21–3

Marciano A, Capitanucci M, Mariani S et al. (2013) Accuracy of BladderScan BVI9400 compared to transurethral catheterization in evaluating bladder volume in children. Neurourology and Urodynamics 32: S43–4

Mulder FEM, Schoffelmeer MA, Hakvoort RA et al. (2012) Risk factors for postpartum urinary retention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.119: 1440–6

Nazarko, L (2010) Effective evidence-based catheter management – an update. British Journal of Nursing 19 (15): 948, 950, and 952–3

NHS Choices (2014) Urinary incontinence – Diagnosis [accessed 10 April 2015]

NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (2010) Portable bladder ultrasound scanners: evidence note 32 [accessed 13 March 2015]

Rothfield A, Stickley A. (2010) A program to limit urinary catheter use in and acute care hospital. American Journal of Infection Control 38: 561–71

Rowe J, Price N, Upadhyay V (2014) Evaluation of the BladderScan in estimating bladder volume in paediatric patients. Journal of Pediatric Urology 10: 98–102

Royal College of Physicians (1995) Incontinence: causes, management and provision of services. London: The Royal College of Physicians