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    The content on this page is not current guidance and is only for the purposes of the consultation process.

    Methods

    NICE identified studies and reviews relevant to endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for biliary obstruction from the medical literature. The following databases were searched between the date they started to 30th June 2022: MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and other databases. Trial registries and the internet were also searched (see the literature search strategy). Relevant published studies identified during consultation or resolution that are published after this date may also be considered for inclusion.

    The following inclusion criteria were applied to the abstracts identified by the literature search.

    • Publication type: clinical studies were included with emphasis on identifying good quality studies. Abstracts were excluded if they did not report clinical outcomes. Reviews, editorials, and laboratory or animal studies, were also excluded and so were conference abstracts, because of the difficulty of appraising study methodology, unless they reported specific adverse events that are not available in the published literature.

    • Patients with biliary obstruction.

    • Intervention or test: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage.

    • Outcome: articles were retrieved if the abstract contained information relevant to the safety, efficacy, or both.

    If selection criteria could not be determined from the abstracts the full paper was retrieved.

    Potentially relevant studies not included in the main evidence summary are listed in the section on other relevant studies.

    Find out more about how NICE selects the evidence for the committee.

    Table 4 literature search strategy

    Databases

    Date searched

    Version/files

    MEDLINE (Ovid)

    30/06/2022

    1946 to June 29, 2022

    MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)

    30/06/2022

    1946 to June 29, 2022

    MEDLINE Epubs ahead of print (Ovid)

    30/06/2022

    June 29, 2022

    EMBASE (Ovid)

    30/06/2022

    1974 to June 29, 2022

    EMBASE Conference (Ovid)

    30/06/2022

    1974 to June 29, 2022

    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews – CDSR (Cochrane Library)

    30/06/2022

    Issue 6 of 12, June 2022

    Cochrane Central Database of Controlled Trials – CENTRAL (Cochrane Library)

    30/06/2022

    Issue 6 of 12, June 2022

    International HTA database (INAHTA)

    30/06/2022

    -

    Trial sources searched

    • Clinicaltrials.gov

    • ISRCTN

    • WHO International Clinical Trials Registry

    Websites searched

    • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

    • NHS England

    • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - MAUDE database

    • Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures – Surgical (ASERNIP – S)

    • Australia and New Zealand Horizon Scanning Network (ANZHSN)

    • General internet search

    The following search strategy was used to identify papers in MEDLINE. A similar strategy was used to identify papers in other databases.

    MEDLINE search strategy

    1 Endosonography/

    2 Endosonography.tw.

    3 (Endoscop* adj4 guided adj4 (Ultrasound or Ultrasonic* or Ultrasonog* or Echo) adj4 (transluminal or choledochoduodenostomy or hepaticogastrostomy or biliary or rendezvous or antegrade or drain*)).tw.

    4 (EUS-BD or EUS-HGS or EUS-CDS).tw.

    5 (EUS adj4 (transluminal or choledochoduodenostomy or hepaticogastrostomy or biliary or rendezvous or antegrade)).tw.

    6 ((percutaneous adj4 transhepatic adj4 biliary adj4 drain*) or ptcd or ptbd).tw.

    7 or/1-6

    8 Bile Duct Neoplasms/ or Biliary Tract Neoplasms/

    9 ((bile or biliary) adj4 (neoplasm* or cancer* or tumo?r* or carcinoma)).tw.

    10 Cholangiocarcinoma/

    11 Cholangiocarcinoma.tw.

    12 Cholestasis/

    13 Cholestasis.tw.

    14 Jaundice, Obstructive/

    15 (jaundice adj4 obstructive).tw.

    16 (Biliary adj4 stricture).tw.

    17 or/8-

    18 drain*.tw.

    19 17 and 18

    20 8 or 10 or 12 or 14

    21 Drainage/

    22 20 and 21

    23 19 or 22

    24 7 and 23

    25 (block* or obstruct* or stricture or restrict*).tw.

    26 24 and 25

    27 (Hot adj4 AXIOS adj4 stent).tw.

    28 (GIOBOR adj4 stent).tw. 0

    29 (HANAROSTENT adj4 biliary).tw. 0

    30 or/27-29

    31 26 or 30

    32 Animals/ not Humans/

    33 31 not 32