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    Methods

    NICE identified studies and reviews relevant to intravascular lithotripsy for calcified arteries in peripheral arterial disease from the medical literature. The following databases were searched between the date they started to 23 February 2023: MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and other databases. Trial registries and the internet were also searched (see the literature search strategy). Relevant published studies identified during consultation or resolution that are published after this date may also be considered for inclusion.

    The following inclusion criteria were applied to the abstracts identified by the literature search.

    • Publication type: clinical studies were included with emphasis on identifying good quality studies. Abstracts were excluded if they did not report clinical outcomes. Reviews, editorials, and laboratory or animal studies, were also excluded and so were conference abstracts, because of the difficulty of appraising study methodology, unless they reported specific adverse events that not available in the published literature.

    • Patients with PAD and calcified arteries.

    • Intervention or test: IVL for PAD.

    • Outcome: articles were retrieved if the abstract contained information relevant to the safety, efficacy, or both.

    If selection criteria could not be determined from the abstracts the full paper was retrieved.

    Potentially relevant studies not included in the main evidence summary are listed in the section on other relevant studies.

    Find out more about how NICE selects the evidence for the committee.

    Table 4 literature search strategy

    Databases

    Date searched

    Version/files

    MEDLINE (Ovid)

    23/02/2023

    1946 to February 22 2023

    MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)

    23/02/2023

    1946 to February 22 2023

    MEDLINE Epubs ahead of print (Ovid)

    23/02/2023

    February 22 2023

    EMBASE (Ovid)

    23/02/2023

    1974 to 2023 February 22

    EMBASE Conference (Ovid)

    23/02/2023

    1974 to 2023 February 22

    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews – CDSR (Cochrane Library)

    23/02/2023

    2 of 12 February 2023

    Cochrane Central Database of Controlled Trials – CENTRAL (Cochrane Library)

    23/02/2023

    2 of 12 February 2023

    International HTA database (INAHTA)

    23/02/2023

    The following search strategy was used to identify papers in MEDLINE. A similar strategy was used to identify papers in other databases.

    MEDLINE search strategy

    1 exp Peripheral Vascular Diseases/ or exp Peripheral arterial Disease/

    2 (peripheral adj4 (arter* or vascular)).tw.

    3 (pad or pvod or paod or poad).tw.

    4 vascular calcification/

    5 (calci* adj4 (vascular or arter*)).tw.

    6 chronic limb-threatening ischemia/

    7 (limb adj4 (ischaemi* or ischemi*)).tw.

    8 (clti or cli).tw.

    9 exp Arterial occlusive diseases/

    10 ((arter* or atherosclero*) adj4 occlu*).tw.

    11 trash foot.tw.

    12 or/1-11

    13 exp Lithotripsy/

    14 (lithotrip* or litholapax* or lithoplast* or rotatrip* or rota trip* or shockwave*).tw.

    15 (IVL or S-IVL).tw.

    16 or/13-15

    17 12 and 16

    18 shockwave m5*.tw.

    19 (amplitude* adj1 vascular).tw.

    20 18 or 19

    21 17 or 20

    22 animals/ not humans/

    23 21 not 22