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    Methods

    NICE identified studies and reviews relevant to selective internal radiation therapy from the medical literature. The following databases were searched between the date they started to 31st May 2023: MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and other databases. Trial registries and the internet were also searched (see the literature search strategy). Relevant published studies identified during consultation or resolution that are published after this date may also be considered for inclusion.

    The following inclusion criteria were applied to the abstracts identified by the literature search.

    • Publication type: clinical studies were included with emphasis on identifying good quality studies. Abstracts were excluded if they did not report clinical outcomes. Reviews, editorials, and laboratory or animal studies, were also excluded and so were conference abstracts, because of the difficulty of appraising study methodology.

    • Patients with neuroendocrine tumours metastatic to the liver.

    • Intervention or test: selective internal radiation therapy.

    • Outcome: articles were retrieved if the abstract contained information relevant to the safety, efficacy, or both.

    If selection criteria could not be determined from the abstracts the full paper was retrieved.

    Potentially relevant studies not included in the main evidence summary are listed in the section on other relevant studies.

    Find out more about how NICE selects the evidence for the committee.

    Table 4 literature search strategy

    Databases

    Date searched

    Version/files

    MEDLINE (Ovid)

    01/06/2023

    1946 to May 31 2023

    MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)

    01/06/2023

    1946 to May 31 2023

    MEDLINE Epubs ahead of print (Ovid)

    01/06/2023

    May 31 2023

    EMBASE (Ovid)

    01/06/2023

    1974 to 2023 May 31

    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews – CDSR (Cochrane Library)

    01/06/2023

    6 of 12 June 2023

    Cochrane Central Database of Controlled Trials – CENTRAL (Cochrane Library)

    01/06/2023

    6 of 12 June 2023

    International HTA database (INAHTA)

    01/06/2023

    The following search strategy was used to identify papers in MEDLINE. A similar strategy was used to identify papers in other databases.

    MEDLINE search strategy

    Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1946 to May 31, 2023>

     

    1        neuroendocrine tumors/ and exp liver/        170

    2        (neuroendocrine adj4 (tumo* or neoplas* or carcinoma* or cancer* or metast*) adj4 (liver or hepat*)).tw.        1224

    3        ((net or mnet) adj4 (liver or hepat* or metast*)).tw.        1433

    4        nelm.tw.        64

    5        exp Carcinoid Tumor/ and exp liver/        147

    6        (carcinoid adj4 (tumo* or syndrome*) adj4 (liver or hepat*)).tw.        359

    7        or/1-6        3048

    8        ("selective internal radiotherap*" or "selective internal radiation therap*" or "select internal radiotherap*" or sirt).tw.        1758

    9        Embolization, Therapeutic/        36312

    10        (radioembolization or radioembolisation or radioembolotherap* or tare).tw.        1763

    11        (intraarterial brachytherapy or intra arterial brachytherapy).tw.        11

    12        exp yttrium/        7469

    13        (yttrium 90 or y90 or 90y).tw.        3652

    14        Holmium/        1133

    15        (holmium 166 or 166Ho).tw.        189

    16        Microspheres/        30637

    17        (bead* or microbead* or sphere* or microsphere* or particle*).tw.        377224

    18        or/8-17        426227

    19        7 and 18        270

    20        (sir sphere or therasphere or quiremsphere*).tw.        76

    21        19 or 20        342

    22        animal/ not human/        5091102

    23        21 not 22        328

    24        limit 23 to english language/        307