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    Interventional procedure overview of pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation

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    Outcome measures

    The main outcomes included acute treatment success, recurrence of AF or other atrial arrhythmia, reintervention, composite scores of treatment success and quality of life. Most outcomes were measured with physiological assessment.

    Acute treatment success was generally defined as PVI success rate. Composite scores that represented longer-term treatment success were described in Table 3 with the results. Standardised outcome measures were used for quality of life and in some studies for symptoms or risk of stroke.

    Quality of life outcome measures

    • AFEQT is a patient-reported measure of AF effect on quality of life. It gives an overall score comprised from scores for symptoms, daily activities, treatment concerns, and treatment satisfaction. Overall scores range from 0 (complete disability) to 100 (no disability).

    • EQ-5D is a patient-reported measure of health-related quality of life. It is not specific to AF. It has 5 domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression) and each domain has 5 levels (no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems). Scores are weighted to adjust for societal context.

    • EQ-VAS is a patient-reported outcome measure of self-rated health. It is not specific to AF. It is measured on a vertical visual analogue scale where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' (scored 100) and 'The worst health you can imagine' (scored 0).

    Stroke and cerebral lesion symptom or risk measures

    • mRS is a clinician-completed measure that represents the degree of dependence or disability in daily activity caused by stroke or neurological impairment. Symptoms are scored from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death).

    • NIHSS is a clinician-completed measure of impairment caused by stroke. It is comprised of 11 items measuring alertness, visual function, muscle strength (in the face, arms, and legs), sensory function, coordination, and language comprehension and production. Scores range from 0 (no stroke symptoms) to 42 (severe stroke).

    • CHA2DS2-VaSc is a clinical prediction rule for stroke risk in people with AF. Risk scores are calculated from factors including congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, prior history of stroke or thromboembolism, vascular disease and sex.

    • Mental Status Examination is a clinician-completed assessment of appearance, attitude, behaviour, mood and affect, speech, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, insight, and judgment.

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