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    The content on this page is not current guidance and is only for the purposes of the consultation process.

    4 Implementation considerations

    Companies should work with providers and central NHS England teams to begin the research. Planning for a prespecified period for the set-up of the technologies is advised. During this period, training and implementation should be done before data collection is started, to account for learning effects. The following considerations around implementing the research process have been identified through working with system partners:

    the technology companies should provide training for staff in using the AI-derived software.

    services should be carefully selected to, when appropriate, maximise data collection for subgroups of interest.

    • to assess the potential for automation bias after deployment, companies may want to track the rate of diagnostic disagreement over time.

    Potential barriers to implementation include:

    the availability of research funds for data collection, analysis and reporting

    the availability of NHS funding to cover the costs of implementing the technologies in clinical practice

    lack of expertise and staff to collect data

    burden on clinical staff, including the need to have training ahead of implementation, data collection and follow up.

    differences in practice between primary care settings across the NHS

    • differences in skill and experience among staff when using the AI technologies.

    ISBN: [to be added at publication]