2.1
Discrete chondral defects in articular cartilage usually occur as a result of trauma. The rough, irregular edges of a defect may cause inflammation, swelling, pain and difficulty walking. Progressive degeneration of a chondral defect can expose the underlying bone and lead to arthritis. If pieces of cartilage break off from the edges of a chondral defect this may cause cartilage damage elsewhere in the knee and lead to further arthritic changes.