Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules

3.1 Radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive technique that aims to reduce symptoms and improve cosmetic appearance, while preserving thyroid function, and with fewer complications than surgery.

3.2 Before treatment, the thyroid nodule is confirmed as benign, typically by the use of 2 fine‑needle aspiration biopsies. Ultrasound‑guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules is usually done in an outpatient setting using local anaesthesia. The patient lies in the supine position with moderate neck extension. A radiofrequency electrode is inserted into the nodule using ultrasound guidance to visualise the electrode during the procedure. Once in position, the radiofrequency electrode is activated to heat and destroy the tissue.