Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome in over 16s

For people with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease–obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (COPD–OSAHS) overlap syndrome who are being referred to a sleep service, provide information on:

• the underlying causes of their condition

• what sleep studies involve

• why treatment is important

• what treatments are available

• the impact of excessive sleepiness on safe driving and occupational risk

• the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) guidance on excessive sleepiness and driving and when there is a legal requirement for the person to notify the DVLA of their condition

• lifestyle changes, including weight loss, increasing physical activity, and avoiding alcohol excess and sedatives before sleep

• other sources of patient support.

For people who have been diagnosed with OSAHS, OHS or COPD–OSAHS overlap syndrome, repeat the information provided at referral (see recommendation 4.1.1) and give additional information on:

• choosing the best treatment for the person

• the practicalities of travel.

For people starting treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or non-invasive ventilation, provide information on:

• why it is used and how it works

• the benefits of continuing with treatment and advice on encouraging adherence

• how to get support for technical and clinical problems, including side effects, and obtain replacement masks and other parts

• different masks or other interface options, humidification and how to manage problems with masks

• how often to expect follow-up appointments

• how to clean and maintain the equipment

• taking short breaks from treatment

• making arrangements for travelling with CPAP or non-invasive ventilation.

Advise people using CPAP and non-invasive ventilation that these are aerosol-generating procedures and they should take appropriate precautions if there is a risk that they may have an airborne infection such as COVID‑19.

For more information, see the UK government guidance on COVID-19: infection prevention and control and local guidance.

For people starting treatment with a mandibular advancement splint, provide information on:

• why they are used and how they work

• the benefits of continuing with treatment, and advice on encouraging adherence

• possible short-term side effects, such as mild discomfort, hypersalivation and altered bite

• possible long-term side effects, such as problems with dental occlusion

• adjusting the device to ensure maximum benefit

• how to clean and maintain the device

• maintaining good oral health

• who to contact for help with problems, for example, if the device breaks or the fit becomes poor

• how often to expect follow-up appointments.