Interventional procedure overview of transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation for urinary incontinence

The studies in the key evidence were based in the US, Turkey, Spain, Brazil, China and South Korea.

Several randomised controlled trials were identified, 1 of which was sham-controlled (Guo et al., 2018).

Two randomised controlled trials compared transcutaneous NMES with intravaginal electrical stimulation (Dmochowski et al., 2019 and Correia et al., 2014). One compared transcutaneous electrical stimulation with intra-anal electrical stimulation (Pané-Alemany et al., 2021).

One randomised controlled trial assessed the effect of transcutaneous NMES on SUI recurrence in the 4 weeks after anti-incontinence surgery (Karaman et al., 2020).

Of the 8 studies, 4 included women with SUI. One study included men who had SUI after radical prostatectomy and 1 included women with overactive bladder who had urinary urge incontinence. Two studies included people with post-stroke urinary incontinence (1 included men and women and 1 included only women).

None of the 8 studies reported follow up outcomes beyond the end of the treatment period.

Different devices were used in the studies, with different treatment parameters and different placement of electrodes.