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    Interventional procedure overview of superficial venous arterialisation and selective venous occlusion for chronic limb threatening ischaemia in people with no other option for revascularisation

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    Description of the procedure

    Indications and current treatment

    CLTI, also known as CLI, is a severe blockage in the arteries of the lower extremities. It is an advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease. CLTI is characterised by severely diminished circulation, ischaemic pain, ulceration, tissue loss or gangrene. It is associated with high amputation and mortality rates, and poor quality of life.

    CLTI needs immediate treatment to re-establish blood flow to the affected area and to prevent major amputation. Treatment options include medications, endovascular interventions (such as angioplasty, stents, laser atherectomy and directional atherectomy) and surgical treatments (such as bypass). Management of CLTI is described in NICE's clinical guideline on peripheral arterial disease.

    What the procedure involves

    Preoperative investigation (such as angiography, arterial and venous duplex scan) is needed to assess the vascular system and its blood flow. During the operation, an arteriovenous fistula is created between the GSV and the appropriate patent artery. The GSV is then anastomosed end-to-side to the artery below the knee. Side branches of the GSV to the ankle level are ligated and valvulotomy is done.

    This procedure arterialises the venous arch of the foot, with GSV maintained in situ and without compromising the existing collateral circulation. The aim is to improve symptoms and salvage the affected lower extremity.