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    Interventional procedure overview of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve for treating and preventing migraine

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    Validity and generalisability of the studies

    • 2 RCTs for the acute treatment of migraine attacks compared eTNS/STNS against sham stimulation therapy.

    • 4 small RCTs for prevention of migraine compared eTNS/STNS against comparators such as pharmacotherapy or eTNS in combination with pharmacotherapy (Jiang 2019, Przeklasa-Muszynska 2017), sham therapy (Schoenen 2013, 2016) and another stimulation therapy (Deng 2020).

    • Most of the studies were done in hospital settings except in 2 studies (Kuruvilla 2022, 2019) eTNS was used at home for acute treatment of migraine.

    • The maximum length of follow up was 24 hours in studies for acute treatment and 3 months in studies for prevention of migraine. There is a lack of long term follow-up data.

    • Majority of the patients were women between 32-45 years age.

    • The included studies on acute treatment do not report evidence on quality of life measures, patient satisfaction and compliance for acute treatment of migraine. Evidence on quality of life measures was also not reported for the included prevention studies.