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    Interventional procedure overview of middle meningeal artery embolisation for chronic subdural haematomas

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    Outcome measures

    The main outcomes included haematoma resolution, reduction in size of haematoma, CSDH recurrence and surgical rescue, functional outcomes (mRS), length of hospital stay, mortality and (in-hospital) complications. Some measures are defined in the following paragraphs.

    Complete resolution or near-complete resolution of haematoma was defined as a lesion measuring less than 5 mm on axial head CT after MMAE.

    CSDH recurrence was defined as an increase of haematoma width on follow-up imaging compared with the immediate postoperative imaging.

    Surgical rescue was defined as the need for surgical evacuation for recurrent or persistent CSDH after MMAE.

    Functional outcome: mRS was used to assess the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities. The scale ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (dead). A favourable outcome was defined as mRS score of 0 to 2.

    In-hospital complications were defined as any adverse event related to the endovascular procedure, including new neurologic deficit or radiologic evidence of acute ischaemic or haemorrhagic changes on postembolisation imaging.