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    Methods

    NICE identified studies and reviews relevant to minimally invasive percutaneous surgical techniques with internal fixation for correcting hallux valgus from the medical literature. The following databases were searched between the date they started to 30.06.2023: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and other databases. Trial registries and the internet were also searched (see the literature search strategy). Relevant published studies identified during consultation or resolution that are published after this date may also be considered for inclusion.

    The following inclusion criteria were applied to the abstracts identified by the literature search.

    • Publication type: clinical studies were included with emphasis on identifying good quality studies. Abstracts were excluded if they did not report clinical outcomes. Reviews, editorials, and laboratory or animal studies, were also excluded and so were conference abstracts, because of the difficulty of appraising study methodology, unless they reported specific adverse events that not available in the published literature.

    • Patients with hallux valgus.

    • Intervention or test: minimally invasive percutaneous surgical techniques with internal fixation.

    • Outcome: articles were retrieved if the abstract contained information relevant to the safety, efficacy, or both.

    If selection criteria could not be determined from the abstracts the full paper was retrieved.

    Potentially relevant studies not included in the main evidence summary are listed in the section on other relevant studies.

    Find out more about how NICE selects the evidence for the committee.

    Table 4 literature search strategy

    Databases

    Date searched

    Version/files

    MEDLINE (Ovid)

    30/06/2023

    1946 to June 29, 2023

    MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)

    30/06/2023

    1946 to June 29, 2023

    MEDLINE Epubs ahead of print (Ovid)

    30/06/2023

    June 29, 2023

    EMBASE (Ovid)

    30/06/2023

    1974 to 2023 June 29

    EMBASE Conference (Ovid)

    30/06/2023

    1974 to 2023 June 29

    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews – CDSR (Cochrane Library)

    30/06/2023

    Issue 6 of 12, June 2023

    Cochrane Central Database of Controlled Trials – CENTRAL (Cochrane Library)

    30/06/2023

    Issue 6 of 12, June 2023

    International HTA database (INAHTA)

    30/06/2023

    -

    Trial sources searched

    • Clinicaltrials.gov

    • ISRCTN

    • WHO International Clinical Trials Registry

    Websites searched

    • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

    • NHS England

    • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - MAUDE database

    • Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures – Surgical (ASERNIP – S)

    • Australia and New Zealand Horizon Scanning Network (ANZHSN)

    • General internet search

    The following search strategy was used to identify papers in MEDLINE. A similar strategy was used to identify papers in other databases.

    MEDLINE search strategy

    The MEDLINE search strategy was translated for use in the other sources.

    Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1946 to June 29, 2023>

     

    1        Hallux Valgus/        3918

    2        (Hallux* adj4 (valgus* or abduct*)).tw.        3505

    3        (Metatars* adj4 primus* adj4 varus*).tw.        159

    4        Bunion/        180

    5        Bunion*.tw.        832

    6        (Toe* adj4 (deformit* or malform*)).tw.        802

    7        or/1-6        5308

    8        Osteotomy/        33240

    9        Osteotom*.tw.        34209

    10        8 or 9        45382

    11        Percutaneous*.tw.        148195

    12        10 and 11        593

    13        Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive/        29683

    14        (Minimal* adj4 invasive* adj4 (surg* or tech* or procedur* or incision* or correct* or treat* or therap* or method*)).tw.        49147

    15        (Bosch adj4 (surg* or tech* or procedur* or incision* or correct* or treat* or therap* or method*)).tw.        28

    16        (Minimally adj4 invasive adj4 Chevron adj4 Akin).tw.        27

    17        (MICA adj4 (surg* or tech* or procedur* or incision* or correct* or treat* or therap* or method*)).tw.        235

    18        (Percutaneous adj4 Chevron adj4 Akin adj4 Osteotom*).tw.        8

    19        (PECA adj4 (surg* or tech* or procedur* or incision* or correct* or treat* or therap* or method*)).tw.        27

    20        (Metaphyseal adj4 Extra adj4 Articular adj4 Transverse adj4 Akin adj4 Osteotom*).tw.        1

    21        (META adj2 (surg* or tech* or procedur* or incision* or correct* or treat* or therap* or method*)).tw.        10810

    22        (distal adj4 (metatarsal or chevron) adj4 osteotom*).tw.        422

    23        (Minimal adj4 invasive adj4 scarf adj4 osteotom*).tw.        0

    24        Arthroscopy/        28167

    25        Arthroscop*.tw.        30771

    26        fracture fixation, internal/        41317

    27        "internal fixation".tw.        18321

    28        (Osteosynthes* or Osteo synthes*).tw.        11999

    29        (SERI adj4 (surg* or tech* or procedur* or incision* or correct* or treat* or therap* or method*)).tw.        26

    30        or/12-29        161683

    31        7 and 30        769

    32        (PROstep or (MICA adj4 implant*)).tw.        9

    33        31 or 32        778

    34        Animals/ not Humans/        5100269

    35        33 not 34        777

    36        limit 35 to ed=20130101-20230630        424