Interventional procedure overview of minimally invasive percutaneous surgical techniques with internal fixation for correcting hallux valgus
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Outcome measures
The main outcomes included patient-reported outcome measures: improvement in function and pain, quality of life, patient satisfaction; complications, recurrence rate and reoperations; hallux joint angle correction and maintenance (radiological measures), radiation exposure time. The measures used are detailed in the following paragraphs.
MOXFQ score
The MOXFQ is a validated measure of health-related quality of life. It has 3 domains: pain, walking or standing, and social interaction, with a maximum score of 100 in each domain. Higher scores signify poorer quality of life.
AOFAS HMI score
The AOFAS HMI score is the most commonly used patient-reported outcome measure for first MTP fusion (arthrodesis). It consists of subjective and objective variables classified into 3 major categories: pain, function, and alignment. The scores are divided into categories:
90 to 100 – excellent
75 to 89 – good
50 to 74 – fair
less than 50 points – poor.
A minimal clinically important difference of 19 points was suggested by Kaufmann (2019).
VAS score
The VAS score is used to assess the intensity of pain. The range of the VAS score was from 0 to 10, with higher scores signifying 'worst pain'.
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