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    The content on this page is not current guidance and is only for the purposes of the consultation process.

    Indications and current treatment

    Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Hypertension can be primary or secondary. Primary hypertension does not have a single known cause, but secondary hypertension develops because of an underlying medical condition. Hypertension is traditionally considered resistant if it is not controlled after treatment with 3 or more antihypertensive medications from different classes.

    NICE's guideline on hypertension in adults describes diagnosing and managing hypertension, including resistant hypertension. Current treatments for hypertension include lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive medications. BP and treatment are regularly monitored and treatment is adjusted as needed. For resistant hypertension, treatment options include additional medications and device-based antihypertensive therapies (such as radiofrequency or ultrasound RDN, and carotid baroreceptor stimulation).