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    Methods

    NICE identified studies and reviews relevant to endoscopic DMR for insulin resistance in T2D from the medical literature. The following databases were searched between the date they started to 22/03/2023: MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and other databases. Trial registries and the internet were also searched (see the literature search strategy). Relevant published studies identified during consultation or resolution that are published after this date may also be considered for inclusion.

    The following inclusion criteria were applied to the abstracts identified by the literature search.

    • Publication type: clinical studies were included with emphasis on identifying good quality studies. Abstracts were excluded if they did not report clinical outcomes. Reviews, editorials, and laboratory or animal studies, were also excluded and so were conference abstracts, because of the difficulty of appraising study methodology, unless they reported specific AEs that are not available in the published literature.

    • Patients with type 2 diabetes.

    • Intervention or test: duodenal mucosal resurfacing.

    • Outcome: articles were retrieved if the abstract contained information relevant to the safety, efficacy, or both.

    If selection criteria could not be determined from the abstracts the full paper was retrieved.

    Potentially relevant studies not included in the main evidence summary are listed in the section on other relevant studies.

    Find out more about how NICE selects the evidence for the committee.

    Table 4 literature search strategy

    Databases

    Date searched

    Version/files

    MEDLINE (Ovid)

    22/03/2023

    1946 to March 21, 2023

    MEDLINE In-Process (Ovid)

    22/03/2023

    1946 to March 21, 2023

    MEDLINE Epubs ahead of print (Ovid)

    22/03/2023

    March 21, 2023

    EMBASE (Ovid)

    22/03/2023

    1974 to March 21, 2023

    EMBASE Conference (Ovid)

    22/03/2023

    1974 to March 21, 2023

    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews – CDSR (Cochrane Library)

    22/03/2023

    Cochrane Central Database of Controlled Trials – CENTRAL (Cochrane Library)

    22/03/2023

    Issue 2 of 12, February 2023

    International HTA database (INAHTA)

    22/03/2023

    Issue 3 of 12, March 2023

    The following search strategy was used to identify papers in MEDLINE. A similar strategy was used to identify papers in other databases.

    MEDLINE search strategy

    The MEDLINE search strategy was translated for use in the other sources.

    1        Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/        167595

    2        ((diabet* or DM) adj4 ("type 2" or type2 or "type ii" or "type two" or T2 or T-2 or TII or T-II)).ti,ab.        156433

    3        (dm2 or t2d* or mody or niddm).ti,ab.        46927

    4        (DM adj4 (keto* or acidi* or gastropare*)).ti,ab.        86

    5        ((DM adj4 onset* adj4 (maturit* or adult* or slow*)) or (DM adj4 depend* adj4 (non-insulin* or non insulin* or noninsulin*))).ti,ab.        171

    6        or/1-5        207060

    7        Intestinal Mucosa/        93821

    8        Duodenum/        38708

    9        7 and 8        5575

    10        (duodenal adj4 mucosa*).tw.        3996

    11        ((gastric adj4 epithelium) or (gastric adj4 surface adj4 epithelial adj4 metaplasia)).tw.        2161

    12        (Duoden* adj4 dysfunct*).tw.        67

    13        Insulin Resistance/        66545

    14        (insulin adj4 (sensitiv* or resist*)).tw.        106448

    15        6 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14        297290

    16        Ablation Techniques/        3426

    17        (((Duoden* or hydrothermal or water) adj4 (resurfac* or ablati*)) or DMR).tw.        1806

    18        (thermal adj4 (energy or ablat* or resurfac*)).tw.        7271

    19        (organ adj4 edit*).tw.        49

    20        (balloon adj4 catheter).tw. and endoscopes/        49

    21        ((balloon adj4 catheter) and endoscop*).tw.        584

    22        or/16-21        12622

    23        15 and 22        68

    24        Revita.tw.        3

    25        23 or 24        69

    26        Animals/ not Humans/        5071443

    27        25 not 26        62