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    Interventional procedure overview of single-step scaffold insertion for repairing symptomatic chondral knee defects

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    Outcome measures

    The main outcomes included KOOS, IKDC, VAS, SF-36, Lysholm, Tegner, WOMAC and MOCART scores. The measures are detailed in the following paragraphs.

    KOOS

    A 42-item patient-reported outcome measure of knee and associated problems. It includes questions that assess short- (within a week) and long-term (up to decades) problems. It has 5 domains: 1) pain frequency and severity during functional activities; 2) symptoms such as the severity of knee stiffness and the presence of swelling, grinding or clicking, catching, and range of motion restriction; 3) difficulty experienced during ADL; 4) difficulty experienced with sport and recreational activities; and 5) knee-related quality of life. Each question is on a 5-point Likert scale and the final score is calculated on a scale from 0 (extreme knee problems) to 100 (no knee problems).

    IKDC (subjective)

    An 18-item patient-reported outcome measure of overall functioning with 3 subscales: knee symptoms, knee function and sports activities. Scores range from 0 (lowest level of function and worst symptoms) to 100 (highest level of function and no symptoms).

    VAS (pain)

    A patient-reported rating scale for pain, most commonly ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Some studies used a 0- to 100-point scale. This is referred to as VAS throughout the overview.

    SF-36

    A generic patient-reported quality of life measure. There are 36 items in 8 subscales: physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health. The overall score is from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better quality of life.

    Lysholm score

    An 8-question scale that assesses knee function in daily life but not in sports and recreational activity. Each question is scored on a scale from 0 to 10, with a total possible score of 100. Higher scores indicate better function.

    Tegner score

    A patient-reported assessment of (sporting) activity for people with knee injuries. Scores range from 0 (disability caused by the injury) to 10 (able to play competitive sport).

    WOMAC

    A patient-reported scale used for evaluating hip and knee OA. It is a 24-item scale with 3 subscales: pain (range 0 to 20), stiffness (range 0 to 8) and physical function (range 0 to 68). High scores indicate worse pain, stiffness and physical function.

    IKDC Knee Examination Form (objective)

    A form completed by a healthcare professional that covers 7 domains and is scored on 3 domains: effusion, passive motion deficit and ligament examination. Each domain is scored as normal, nearly normal, abnormal and severely abnormal. This is referred to as the IKDC (objective) throughout the overview.

    MOCART

    A standardised scoring system for evaluating cartilage repair from MRI findings. There are 11 domains of assessment and the overall score ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better repair.